Medication type 2 diabetic patient

A type 2 diabetic is most commonly found in diabetic patients. Almost 80 percent of diabetic patients have type 2 diabetics. It is mainly resulted due to obesity, family history of diabetes, older age, and previous history of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, and ethnicity. The first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes is diet, weight control and physical activity. If your blood glucose levels still maintain high then the drugs to reduce the level of blood glucose are usually advised. Insulin injections are needed in some cases if the blood glucose level remains too high despite taking tablets. Treatments for other related problems may also be advised.
Now I would like to give you the most commonly used medication for this type of diabetics and their side effects. The most commonly used medication is Metformin. Metformin lowers blood glucose mainly by decreasing the amount of glucose that your liver releases into the bloodstream. It also increases the sensitivity of your body’s cells to insulin. Metformin has also been shown in studies to lower your risk of other complications of diabetes. It is particularly useful if you are overweight, as it is less likely to cause weight gain than some other glucose-lowering tablets. Another advantage of metformin is that it generally does not cause hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose level) which is a possible problem with some other glucose-lowering tablets. You can also take metformin in addition to other glucose-lowering tablets if one tablet does not control blood glucose well enough on its own. The possible side effect of metaformin is, some people feel sick or have mild diarrhoea. These are less likely to occur if you start with a low dose and gradually build up to the usual dose over a few weeks. If these side-effects do occur, they tend to ease off in time. Other side-effects are uncommon.
The other drug which is mostly assigned for diabetics is Sulphonylurea drugs. There are several types of sulphonylurea drugs and include: gliclazide, glimepiride and glipizide. They work by increasing the amount of insulin that your pancreas makes.A sulphonylurea tends to be used if you cannot take metformin (perhaps because of side-effects or other reasons), or if you are not overweight. Usually a low dose is started. The dose can be increased if necessary every few weeks until there is good control of the blood glucose level. Possible problems with sulphonylureas is, hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar or hypo) is a possible complication. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia include: trembling, sweating, anxiety, blurred vision, tingling lips, paleness, mood change, vagueness or confusion. To treat hypoglycaemia: take a sugary drink or some sweets. Then, eat a starchy snack such as a sandwich. Some weight gain is a common side-effect. Other side-effects are uncommon and are usually mild. They include: feeling sick, mild diarrhoea and constipation.
The above two are most commonly suggested for type 2 diabetics. But there are other that are useful medications that are being suggested by the doctors.

Diabetes and Its Symptoms

There are number of diseases that are popping up in today’s world without any age difference. The best way to maintain a good health is to maintain the good hygiene and eating balanced diet and doing regular exercises.
In this way one can be free from many diseases and one who practices such activities will have a happy and healthy living. Among the common diseases the Diabetes is also taking its place. Diabetes is the disease that is caused when there is increased level of the glucose in the blood level.
Insulin is produced by the pancreas and this in the blood stream will turn to glucose. If there are high levels of this product in the blood then this condition is called as the diabetes. Diabetes can be characterized into three types that are called as Type1, Type2 and Gestational diabetes.
Diabetes in type 1 and type2 will happen when there is high level of glucose in the blood or if the cells are unable to utilize the insulin that is produced. The gestational diabetes is the one that sets in the pregnancy and will fade away once the birth is given. There can be symptoms that can be seen if the individual is diabetic.
The symptoms can be like- fatigue where negative calorie is produced due to the extra energy that is used to break up the fats.
There can be polydipsia that is the condition of the thirst getting increased.
There will be a tendency to urinate frequently as to the body that will get rid of the sugars and the method followed is to urinate.
Polyphegia that is the increase in hunger is also seen.
There can be irritability that is due to the increase of the sugars in the body and that will make the individual feel tired.
The wound or hurt if present will take very long time to heal and this sometimes will be very harmful even to the body.
Hence one needs to check for the diabetes and take the medications so as to prevent the hazards that are caused due to the diabetes.

Diabetes and the care to be taken by the people

Diabetes is the most common disease in most people of the world. It is a kind of disease that reduces the resistance power of the people and makes them weak. If any kinds of injuries are caused when they are suffering from diabetes then those injuries will take a lot of time to get cured. It is a dangerous disease to some people and it will affect their eye sight and cause low eye sight problems.
Proper care must be taken by the patients who are suffering from diabetes as it can be more dangerous if proper care is not taken. A person has to follow the instructions in diet as food plays the key role in developing diabetes. Proper diet with low fat and calories are to be taken in order to reduce the fat levels in the body so as to reduce the weight and avoid dangers of obesity. Precautions are most important to keep diabetes at bay. Some times these precautions will solve the problem of diabetes permanently.
Regular exercise, food with vegetables and fruits, soaps and other spicy food will help the people with diabetes to be safe from the dangers caused by this disease. Diabetes can also be arrested through medication and a natural process but treating diabetes by a natural process is the best way to treat diabetes so as to avoid medicines for a life time. The greatest disadvantage of medication process of treating diabetes is that you have to take the medicines for a very long time or may be for a life time. Therefore be safe from becoming a diabetic. It is better to prevent diabetes since it has no cure.

TIPS TO PREVENT DIABETES

Diabetes has become a common problem today. Consequences of diabetes are fatal and sometimes lead to death. To control diabetes first know the symptoms of diabetes. Then take appropriate steps to prevent diabetes. Diabetes patients should only take food which is recommended by the doctor. Intake of carbohydrates is very important aspect for diabetes patient because carbohydrates highly control the level of the blood sugar. Consumption of proteins and nutrients are important in the case of diabetes patients.
Choice of food also show affects on diabetes patients. Healthy diet controls the level of the sugar in the body. Over eating or less eating is not good for diabetes patients. Take the advice of doctor for the consumption of alcohol because alcohol increases many calories in the body. Three things to be checked every day are cholesterol level of the body, sugar level of the body and blood pressure of the body. Physical exercises for 30 minutes a day is very useful for diabetes patients.
3 TIPS TO CONTROL DIABETES:
GET MORE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY:
Physical activity helps to loose the weight, lowers the blood, and boosts up the insulin level.
GET PLENTY OF FIBER:
Reduces the complications in diabetes, lowers the risk of heart disease and promotes weight loss also.
GO FOR WHOLE GRAINS:
Whole grains maintain good blood sugar levels; whole grains include breads and pasta products.
The only prevention for diabetes is taking the healthy food. Making simple changes in the life style would help people to get rid of some problems like heart complications, diabetes, kidney and liver damage.

Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy and its treatment

• Diabetes mellitus is the dangerous carbohydrate metabolic disorder; which may further lead to affect of peripheral organs i.e. feet and legs. The condition in which the loss of sensation and accumulations of excessive blood sugar levels in the macro vascular tissues of foot is called as “Diabetic Foot”.
• The factors that affect diabetes foot are excessive blood sugar levels, blisters, and bunions, callus formation due to tight shoes, decreased blood circulation or flat foot. The peripheral nerve is damaged and the patient may severely suffer with trauma, fungal infections, bacterial infections, and even ulceration in foot.
• Patients who are suffering with diabetic foot will suffer with constant itching, scaly nature of the skin, oozing of pus from the wound may also be observed. There are other symptoms that are seen with this strain in legs and foot, ingrown toe nails, and even ulceration of the foot.
• The following are the drugs that are recommended for diabetic foot are Pregabalin (Lyrica) and Duloxetine (Cymbalta). There are some difficulties in patients like walking, pain in the synovial joints, numbness, and other risks of organ damage. Dose of these drugs is based on the physical condition and medical history of the patient.
• These drugs can treat not only Diabetic neuropathy but also fibromyalgia; this is a condition in which effects the tendons, muscles, and other bone supporting tissues.
• The use of these drugs can show some side effects like dry mouth, dizziness, increased palpitations, loss of appetite and nausea.

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus can be divided into two types depending up on the patients who require insulin.
They are as follows:
Type-I Diabetes Mellitus or Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus:
Type-I Diabetes Mellitus suffering patients are be supposed to consistently administer insulin doses depending on the severity. This is because of the progressive auto immune nature of the pancreatic gland. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic gland in the mammalian body which helps in the change of the difficult carbohydrate molecules into simple molecules i.e. polysaccharides into monosaccharide molecules.
This anabolic hormone changes the blood glucose to glycogen in the liver. These are not only taking action by the body it also destroys the immune system. As a result external insulin is to be injected to the patient’s body.
Type-II Diabetes Mellitus or Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) or Adult onset Diabetes Mellitus:
In this Type-II Diabetes Mellitus suffering patients, the body produces the sufficient amount of insulin, but this does not help in suitable functioning and causes insulin resistance in the body. Deterioration of the control of the blood sugar levels is observed, here the liver experiences gluconeogenesis, to produce the body glucose.
The maximum risk because of this disease is obesity. The additional difficulties consist of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and renal failure. This disease can be treated with various drugs like sulfonyl urease, ACE inhibitors etc.

Incretin Mimetics

? Type-II diabetes mellitus is the common prevailing disease that enhances the risk factors for adiposity and insulin resistance disorders.
? Whenever the food is taken into the body, insulin helps in sensitizing the insulin from the insulin receptors. The insulin converts the body glucose into glycogen. The insulin mimetics are similar to that of insulin that controls the body weight and holds the potential as a novel anti-obesity treatment.
? Incretin mimetics are the insulin receptor activator that has been discovered which even normalizes the plasma levels, increased glucose levels, fatty acids, and leptin.
? Incretin mimetics like compound-2; enhance insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of tyrosine. According to the pre-clinical studies, the overnight mice were tested with intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Animals were anesthetized with ketamine drug; each animal was determined with dual-energy X-ray absorption assay.
? Through western blot analysis the signal intensity of the incretins or insulin mimetics were quantified. The induced peripheral insulin to the mice reduces the elevated hyperglycemia. Therefore the non-genetic mouse model helps to decrease the fatal effects prevailing in patients suffering with type-2 diabetes.
? Incretins depend upon the food intake by the patients, dose-dependent, and body weight. The side effects are nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, and severe headache.
? Report the doctor before the use of incretins; about digestive problems, type-I diabetes, pregnancy, and kidney problems.
? They include drugs like gastric inhibitory peptide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors like vildagliptin, Sitagliptin, and saxagliptin, and amylin analogues. They increase the blood concentration levels of incretins, and suppress glucagon. While amylin analogues act as agonist in decreasing the gastric emptying time period.

Keep your eyes healthy

Too much of sugar in the blood leads to diabetes. High sugar levels will damage all the parts of the body like heart, blood vessels, kidneys and eyes.

Eye problems
You need to do many things to prevent diabetes eye problems. Some of them are
• Control your blood sugar levels and blood pressure in normal range
• Visit your eye specialist ones in a while. Early detection of eye problems can prevent you from serious problems.
• Checks the signs of cataracts and glaucoma
• If you are pregnancy and have diabetes, tell you doctor about it.

Signs of diabetes eye problems
Some of the common signs of diabetes eye problems are
• Blurred vision
• Double vision
• Dark spots
• Pain in one or both eyes
• Problems in seeing the things from the corners of the eyes

Various eye problems
High sugar levels damage various parts of the eyes such as
• Retina, a lining at the back of the eye. It will sense the light coming into the eye.
• Vitreous, a fluid that is filled at the back of the eye.
• Lens, are found at the front of the eye, they focuses light on the retina.
• Optic nerve, the main nerve is connected to the brain.

The best ways to prevent diabetes eye problems is to control your blood glucose and blood pressure levels. Your doctor may recommend you laser treatment, where a light beam is passed into the retina of the damaged eye.

Diabetes and Insulin

• Insulin types classified based on their source, strength and time-characteristic of their activity. Human insulin is prepared either by genetic engineering or chemical modification of insulin obtained by the pigs. Insulin from cattle was different from human insulin in three amino acids.
• Most of the diabetic patients are administered with insulin as start off dose with at least two injections a day; it is dose dependent and as directed by the physician depending upon the severity of the disease. Rapid acting insulin is with 5 minutes of onset of action, and peak effectiveness is for about 60 minutes. Duration of action is up to four hours.
• Short acting insulin: This is also called as regular acting insulin; 30 minutes of onset of action, and peak effectiveness is for about 120 minutes. Duration of action is up to 6 hours.
• Intermediate acting insulin: 2-4 hours of onset of action, and peak effectiveness is for about 2-4 hours. Duration of action is up to 6 hours.
• Long acting insulin: 6-10 hours and continues up to 24 hours.
• Pre-mixed insulin: These are insulin products in which it is an equal combination of short acting and long acting insulin. The onset of action is 10 minutes; peak effectiveness is about 12 hours. The mixture of these insulin varieties is beneficial for the diabetic patients who require a simple treatment. Dose dependent, and it also depends up on the severity of the diabetes, while short-acting is used to counteract meals throughout the day.

Effects of Diabetes

Diabetes is considered as a dangerous disease if you neglect it and also it may cause death. There are several causes of diabetes some of them are not known yet. Some of the causes are rise in the levels of blood sugar leads to diabetes in the body.
There are two types of diabetes exists they are Diabetes type I and diabetes type II. The type I is treated with insulin injections on a daily basis which depends on insulin. The type II is cured with medicines and it does not depend on insulin.
The treatment and medicines need to be changed according to the rising levels of blood sugar. When controlling the sugar levels one must also note that it does not reach low levels of blood sugar. When not treated properly high blood sugar causes death and also kidney failure. Low blood sugar leads to coma.

Due to diabetes there exist many effects in human body which are summarized below:
? Excessive Thirst: Human body tries to wash all the excess sugar in the blood through the urine. When it happens, often one tends to urinate. So there is a feel of thirst.
? Frequent Urination: When there is high sugar the body tends to reduce the levels by frequent urination.
? Increased Hunger: When the body does not digest the food properly the hunger increases. The sugar in the blood is more & the food cannot be used as energy. So they might feel hungry.
? Sedentary Lifestyle: Physical activities are much significant in reducing the body weight & sugar. It regulates the conversion of sugar in to energy & does not fight insulin.
? Gestational Diabetes: The type that occurs in pregnant ladies is called as the Gestational Diabetes & it brings up the choices of rise after the child birth.